Hoof and Mouth Outbreak in Israel

FOOT & MOUTH DISEASE - ISRAEL (02): OIE, SEROTYPE O, SPREAD
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A ProMED-mail post

ProMED-mail is a program of the
International Society for Infectious Diseases


Date: Sun 15 Feb 2009
Source: OIE/WAHID Weekly Disease Information Vol. 22 - No. 08,
February 2009 [edited]



Information received on 15 Feb 2009 from Dr Moshe Chaimovitz,
Director, Veterinary Services and Animal Health, Ministry of
Agriculture and Rural Development, Beit Dagan, Israel

Summary
Report type: Follow-up report No. 2
Start date: 1 Feb 2009
Date of 1st confirmation of the event: 4 Feb 2009
Report date: 15 Feb 2009
Date submitted to OIE: 15 Feb 2009
Reason for notification: Reoccurrence of a listed disease
Date of previous occurrence: February 2008
Manifestation of disease: Clinical disease
Causal agent: Foot and mouth disease virus
Serotype: O
Nature of diagnosis: Suspicion, Clinical, Laboratory (basic),
Laboratory (advanced)
This event pertains to the whole country.

Related reports

New outbreaks
Outbreak 1: (Ilut) Ilut, Kineret, Hazafon
Date of start of the outbreak: 11 Feb 2009
Outbreak status: Resolved (12 Feb 2009)
Epidemiological unit: Village
Affected animals:
Species / Susceptible / Cases / Deaths / Destroyed / Slaughtered
Goats / 1 / 1 / 0 / 1 / 0
Sheep / 26 / 3 / 0 / 26 / 0

Affected population:
Symptoms were detected in a herd of 10 ewes, 3 rams, 13 lambs and one
goat (male). Four of them were affected with limping and vesicles on
the feet. All the herd has been destroyed and buried on spot [see commentary].

Epidemiology:
Source of the outbreak(s) or origin of infection: Unknown or
inconclusive; Fomites (humans, vehicles, feed, etc.)

Epidemiological comments:
A radius of 10 km around the farms has been put under movement
control of animals. The status of vaccination of all the ruminants in
this radius has been evaluated, and animals were revaccinated when
necessary. The serotype was found to be O, which is the only serotype
that could be found in the outbreaks which occurred in the last 20
years in Israel.

Control measures
Measures applied
- Quarantine
- Movement control inside the country
- Screening
- Vaccination in response to the outbreak (s)
- Disinfection of infected premises/establishment(s)
- Modified stamping out [see comment]
- No treatment of affected animals

Measures to be applied: No other measures

Diagnostic test results
Laboratory name and type: Virology Department, Kimron Veterinary
Institute (National laboratory)
Tests and results
Species / Test / Test date / Result
Sheep / pathogen isolation on cell culture / 13 Feb 2009 / Positive

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[According to the information available in OIE's WAHID animal health
interface (which was inaugurated in 2005), FMD was notified by Israel
in 2005 (1 outbreak), 2007 (31 outbreaks) 2008 (1 outbreak) and 2009
(2 outbreaks so far). All those outbreaks were caused by FMDV
serotype O (for the topotype and strains, see
).
The 33 outbreaks reported during 2005-2008 included a total of 11 128
cattle, 2547 small ruminants (sheep and goats) and about 1300
wildlife (gazelles), of which -- respectively -- 863, 652 and 69 were
clinically affected, and 25, 288 and 28 died. Throughout the said
period, no culling or slaughtering of affected or exposed animals
were applied, excluding one single gazelle in 2007 (see posting
20070324.1025). It is thus rather surprising that, according to the
current follow-up report, the entire affected flock, comprising 27
small ruminants, has been stamped out, though the virus seems to be
similar to the one affecting Israel in previous years and in the 1st
outbreak in cattle during 2009 (see
).
An explanation concerning the background of this decision will be helpful.

It is also interesting to note whether possible contact, direct or
indirect, between the 2 affected holdings may have taken place,
leading to the spread. The distance between the 2 foci is
approximately 55 km. Maps are included in the follow-up reports.

FMD seems to be spreading in the region recently; outbreaks in Saudi
Arabia and Iraq have been discussed in previous postings.

FMD has recently been suspected or confirmed in 3 additional Middle
Eastern countries, namely Jordan, Saudi Arabia and Iraq, though
serotyping has not been available in all cases. On Mon 16 Feb 2009,
the Saudi daily Al-Watan reported that AlAhsaa county's local
veterinary diagnostic laboratory detected and confirmed 9 FMD
positive submitted samples collected from several cattle herds across
the county (translated from Arabic and summarized by the
California-based FMD News at Davis; see
).

It will be interesting to obtain their final observations as well as
information from other countries in the region, such as Iran, Syria,
Lebanon and Turkey. - Mod.AS]

[see also:
Foot & mouth disease - Iraq: (BA) 20090208.0577
Foot & mouth disease - Israel: OIE, untyped 20090204.0493
Foot & mouth disease - Saudi Arabia (02): vaccination 20090201.0447
Foot & mouth disease - Saudi Arabia: east, RFI 20090128.0387
Foot & mouth disease - Iraq: (BA) susp, RFI 20090119.0228
2008
----
Foot & mouth disease - Jordan: (Irbid) susp, RFI 20081231.4120
Foot & mouth disease - Jordan, Saudi Arabia: RFI 20080907.2785
Foot & mouth disease, livestock - Lebanon, Israel, OIE 20080206.0476
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel conf., Lebanon susp. 20080203.0436
Foot & mouth disease, livestock - Lebanon, Israel, OIE 20080206.0476
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel conf., Lebanon susp. 20080203.0436
2007
----
Foot & mouth disease, wild boar - Israel (N.&N.E.): corr 20070518.1578
Foot & mouth disease, wild boar - Israel (N.&N.E.) 20070517.1571
Foot & mouth disease - Israel, Palestinian Authority: OIE 20070405.1153
Foot & mouth disease, gazelle - Israel (L. Galilee) (02): conf, OIE
20070324.1025
Foot & mouth disease, gazelle - Israel (L. Galilee): susp. 20070322.1002
Foot & mouth disease - Israel (02): bovine, caprine, OIE 20070301.0729
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (05): Hazafon, OIE 20070207.0486
Foot & mouth disease - Israel: serotype O 20070129.0385
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (04): OIE 20070126.0348
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (03) 20070124.0314
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (02): OIE 20070106.0060
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel 20070104.0042
Foot & mouth disease, caprine - Israel (03) 20070104.0032
Foot & mouth disease, caprine - Israel (02): OIE 20070103.0021
Foot & mouth disease, caprine - Israel: serotype O 20070102.0010
2006
----
Foot & mouth disease, cattle - Israel (03): susp. 20060222.0570
Foot & mouth disease, cattle - Israel (02): correction 20060220.0561
Foot & mouth disease, cattle - Israel (02): correction 20060220.0560
Foot & mouth disease, cattle - Israel, suspected 20060220.0548
2005
----
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel: OIE 20051228.3691
2004
----
Foot and mouth disease, bovine - Israel 20040511.1271
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (05) 20040417.1061
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (04) 20040130.0352
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel (03) 20040125.0293
Foot & mouth disease, bovine - Israel: confirmed 20040122.0252
Foot & mouth disease, bovines - Israel: suspected 20040120.0221
2001
----
Foot & mouth disease - Israel (West Bank) 20010317.0540
1999
----
Foot & mouth disease - Israel 19990124.0112
1998
----
Foot & mouth disease - Kuwait & Israel 19980722.1384]
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